Cybersecurity has become a top issue in the modern Practice. Recording and handling sensitive patient data on a daily basis means that cybersecurity risk management is essential to protect patient privacy, maintain operational continuity, and comply with data governance, GDPR and Network and Information Systems (NIS) Regulations.   

Understanding Cybersecurity Risk

A cybersecurity risk is any potential threat or vulnerability that could compromise an organisation's information systems, data, or operations. This can include a variety of threats such as;

• Malware: Viruses, ransomware, and other malicious software that can infect systems and steal or damage data.  
• Phishing attacks: Attempts to trick individuals into divulging sensitive information through fraudulent emails or messages.  
• Social engineering: Manipulating individuals to gain unauthorised access to systems or data.  
• Insider threats: Malicious actions by employees or contractors.  
• Natural disasters: Events like floods, fires, or power outages that can disrupt operations and damage equipment.  

Implementing a Cybersecurity Risk Management Framework

1. Define your "Risk": have a clear understanding of what "risk" means to your organisation - both the likelihood of an incident occurring and the potential impact it could have.
2. Establish a Common Vocabulary: ensure that everyone in your team is on the same page regarding cybersecurity terminology. Use consistent definitions for terms like "risk," "threat," "vulnerability," and "impact."
3. Identify and Assess Risks: Conduct a thorough risk assessment to identify potential threats and vulnerabilities. Evaluate the likelihood of each risk occurring and the severity of its potential impact.
4. Prioritise Risks: Based on the risk assessment, prioritise risks based on their likelihood and impact (then focus on addressing high-priority risks first).
5. Develop Mitigation Strategies: Implement appropriate measures to mitigate identified risks. This may include:
• Technical controls: Firewalls, intrusion detection systems, encryption, and access controls.  
• Administrative controls: Policies, procedures, and training programs.  
• Physical controls: Security guards, surveillance systems, and environmental controls.
6. Monitor and Review: Regularly monitor your cybersecurity posture and review risk assessments to identify emerging threats and adjust mitigation strategies as needed.  

The Role of NHS Digital

NHS Digital plays a crucial role in supporting primary care with cybersecurity, providing guidance, resources, and tools to help implement safe and effective cybersecurity measures. Some key services they offer include;

• Threat intelligence: Providing information on emerging threats and vulnerabilities
• Cybersecurity assessments: Conducting assessments to identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses
• Training and awareness: Offering training programs to help staff understand cybersecurity best practices
• Incident response support: Assisting organisations in responding to and recovering from cyber incidents.

Cybersecurity risk management is an ongoing process that requires constant attention. By following a structured approach and leveraging the support of organisations like NHS Digital, primary care organisations can significantly reduce their risk of cyberattacks and protect sensitive patient data.

FPM Core includes a robust Risk Register and Risk Assessment templates, providing you with the necessary framework for effective risk identification and mitigation. Contact us today to learn more.